An attempt was made to lay the foundations of a new Levite Quraysh state

 The overall picture of the early decades suggests that the Sasanian administration was still effective, but it operated at the provincial level and was subordinate to Arab governors.

In the 650s, probably in 653–4 AD, the authorities of the Basra mint began to date coins in the Pahlavi script with the Hijri year. The new historical beginnings on the coinage indicate that the administrative Arab elite was gradually becoming aware of their Islamic identity, but there was still no overt representation of Islam or its empire. Rather, these coins indicate, first, that there was still no awareness of Islam, and second, that the caliphate was divided.

The Basra mint indicates that it was there that alchemy began, which was then in the hands of the Levite Quraysh, who had by then become Kharijites.

At the beginning of their Basra period, the Levite Quraysh seem to have decided to use the Medinan charter as a symbolic document. This decision came more than forty years after Muhammad's so-called divine inspiration. An attempt was made to lay the foundations of a new Levite Quraysh state, bringing together all monotheists except the Trinitarians under one umbrella, by introducing the concept of the Ummah.

Anushirvan Khosrow